President Kennedy ordered a build-up of U.S. In the early 1960s, based upon the domino theory and fears about the role of the NLF, U.S. During the Cold War, this view was known as the " domino theory." Moreover, they worried that if one Southeast Asian nation fell to communism, others would follow. It eventually met resistance from the National Liberation Front (NLF), which consisted of opponents of his regime - both communist and non-communist - within South Vietnam.Īmerican leaders feared the NLF was nothing more than a puppet organization controlled by North Vietnam. With training and equipment from the American military, Diem's regime systematically cracked down on allies (called the Viet Cong) of the North Vietnam communist regime.ĭiem's repressive regime imprisoned, tortured, and killed thousands of Viet Cong. The United States pledged its support for Diem and South Vietnam as part of the intensifying Cold War between the U.S. In 1955, anti-communist leader Ngo Dinh Diem ousted Bao to become president of the Government of the Republic of Vietnam (GVN). Viet Minh forces defeated the French in a decisive battle at Dien Bien Phu in May 1954, leading to a treaty that split Vietnam along the 17 th parallel. South Vietnam, with Saigon as its capital, was ruled by Emperor Bao Dai, who was backed by France. The Viet Minh sought to oust the French colonial administration that had ruled Vietnam since the late 1800s, as well as the Japanese who had invaded Vietnam during World War II.īy 1950, the Viet Minh had declared a Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) with Ho Chi Minh as its president and the northern city of Hanoi as its capital. The roots of the Vietnam War date back to the mid-1940s when Ho Chi Minh formed the Viet Minh, otherwise known as the League for the Independence of Vietnam, which was inspired by the communist governments of China and the Soviet Union. Instead of peace and love, they remember the harsh and violent images of a faraway armed conflict that would take the lives of millions of people: the Vietnam War. When you think back to the 1960s, what comes to mind? For many people, that decade is synonymous with the Beatles and the peace and love mantra of the hippie movement.įor others, though, the 1960s were a time of great turmoil. League For The Independence Of Vietnam,.
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